The general phenylpropanoid metabolism generates an enormous array of secondary
metabolites based on the few intermediates of the shikimate pathway as the core unit. The …

Lignin, a phenolic polymer derived mainly from hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, is ubiquitously
present in tracheophytes. The development of lignin biosynthesis has been considered to be …

Note added by the Publisher: The editors of the journal have been alerted to concerns over
potential bias in opinions and bias in the choice of citation sources used in this article. We …

The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan in plants are not only
essential components of protein synthesis, but also serve as precursors for a wide range of …

All photosynthetic multicellular Eukaryotes, including land plants and algae, have cells that
are surrounded by a dynamic, complex, carbohydrate-rich cell wall. The cell wall exerts …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT; also known as lateral gene transfer) has had an important
role in eukaryotic genome evolution, but its importance is often overshadowed by the greater …

L-Tyrosine (Tyr) is an aromatic amino acid (AAA) required for protein synthesis in all
organisms, but synthesized de novo only in plants and microorganisms. In plants, Tyr also …

Tremendous chemical diversity is the hallmark of plants and is supported by highly complex
biochemical machinery. Plant metabolic enzymes originated and were transferred from …

The plant shikimate pathway directs bulk carbon flow toward biosynthesis of aromatic amino
acids (AAAs, ie tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) and numerous aromatic …

The production of aromatic amino acids using fermentation processes with recombinant
microorganisms can be an advantageous approach to reach their global demands. In …