Sepsis has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global health
priority. There has been a tremendous effort to decipher underlying mechanisms …

Islets encapsulated in immunoprotective microcapsules are being proposed as an
alternative for insulin therapy for treatment of type 1 diabetes. Many materials for producing …

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are abundant in mammalian genomes and contain
sequences modulating transcription. The impact of ERV propagation on the evolution of …

As the first line of defence against pathogens, cells mount an innate immune response,
which varies widely from cell to cell. The response must be potent but carefully controlled to …

Evolutionary change in gene expression is generally considered to be a major driver of
phenotypic differences between species. We investigated innate immune diversification by …

In placental mammals, natural killer (NK) cells are a population of lymphocytes that make
unique contributions to immune defence and reproduction, functions essential for survival of …

This review is aimed at readers seeking an introductory overview, teaching courses and
interested in visionary ideas. It first describes the range of topics covered by evolutionary …

Animal models are an integral part of the drug development and evaluation process.
However, they are unsurprisingly imperfect reflections of humans, and the extent and nature …

Zoonotic viruses, such as HIV, Ebola virus, coronaviruses, influenza A viruses, hantaviruses,
or henipaviruses, can result in profound pathology in humans. In contrast, populations of the …

Our understanding of human evolution has improved rapidly over recent decades, facilitated
by large‐scale cataloguing of genomic variability amongst both modern and archaic …