Most childhood infections occur via the mucosal surfaces, however, parenterally delivered
vaccines are unable to induce protective immunity at these surfaces. In contrast, delivery of …

Most pathogens initiate their infections at the human mucosal surface. Therefore, mucosal
vaccination, especially through oral or intranasal administration routes, is highly desired for …

Although mast cells (MCs) are known as key drivers of type I allergic reactions, there is
increasing evidence for their critical role in host defense. MCs not only play an important role …

In a time in which mucosal vaccines development has been delayed by the lack of safe and
effective mucosal adjuvants, the combination of adjuvants has started to be explored as a …

There is a current biodefense interest in protection against anthrax. Here, we developed a
new generation of stable and effective anthrax vaccine. We studied the immune response …

Although mast cells have long been known to play a critical role in anaphylaxis and other
allergic diseases, they also participate in some innate immune responses and may even …

To achieve immune homeostasis in such a harsh environment as the intestinal mucosa, both
active and quiescent immunity operate simultaneously. Disruption of gut immune …

Current vaccine research is mostly based on subunit antigens. Despite the better toxicity
profile of these antigens they are often poorly immunogenic, so adjuvant association has …

Mast cell activators are a novel class of mucosal vaccine adjuvants. The polymeric
compound, Compound 48/80 (C48/80), and cationic peptide, Mastoparan 7 (M7) are mast …

Mucosal immune responses are in the first line of defense against most infections and
protective mucosal immunity can be achieved by mucosal vaccination. However, mucosal …