Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a class of proteins with tyrosine kinase activity that
phosphorylate tyrosine residues of critical molecules in signaling pathways. Their basal …

The specific role of the chloride anion (Cl−) as a signalling effector or second messenger
has been increasingly recognized in recent years. It could represent a key factor in the …

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective against
non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR-activating mutations. The mechanisms …

Cellular senescence leads to decreased tissue regeneration and inflammation and is
associated with diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumorigenesis. However, the …

Activation of the inflammasome is a key function of the innate immune response that
regulates inflammation in response to microbial substances. Inflammasome activation by …

Tendon disorders frequently occur and recent evidence has clearly implicated the presence
of immune cells and inflammatory events during early tendinopathy. However, the origin and …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) are lethal pulmonary
diseases. Cigarette consumption is the main cause for development of COPD, while CF is …

The impairment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity
induces intracellular chloride (Cl–) accumulation. The anion Cl–, acting as a second …

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by CFTR mutations. It is
characterized by high NaCl concentration in sweat and the production of a thick and sticky …

Mutations in the CFTR gene lead to cystic fibrosis, a genetic disease associated with chronic
infection and inflammation and ultimately respiratory failure. The most common CF‐causing …