Numerous international scientific assessments and related articles have, during the last
decade, described the observed and potential impacts of climate change as well as other …

In the future, Earth will be warmer, precipitation events will be more extreme, global mean
sea level will rise, and many arid and semiarid regions will be drier. Human modifications of …

Thermokarst lakes are an important ecosystem component in permafrost terrains; therefore,
quantifying changes in these lakes is important for evaluating the water balance and carbon …

Recent research using repeat photography, long-term ecological monitoring and
dendrochronology has documented shrub expansion in arctic, high-latitude and alpine …

While there is a general sense that lakes can act as sentinels of climate change, their
efficacy has not been thoroughly analyzed. We identified the key response variables within a …

The term thermokarst describes the processes and landforms that involve collapse of the
land surface as a result of the melting of ground ice. We review the literature that has …

Several recent climate impact assessments on polar regions have been undertaken,
including the synthesis report on Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (AMAP …

Introduction This chapter synthesizes the scientific literature on the detection and attribution
of observed changes in natural and human systems in response to observed recent climate …

Thermokarst lakes and drained lake basins are widespread in Arctic and sub-Arctic
permafrost lowlands with ice-rich sediments. Thermokarst lake formation is a dominant …

Quantifying changes in thermokarst lake extent is of importance for understanding the
permafrost‐related carbon budget, including the potential release of carbon via lake …