Animal camouflage has long been used to illustrate the power of natural selection, and
provides an excellent testbed for investigating the trade‐offs affecting the adaptive value of …

Behavioral ecologists have long studied the role of coloration as a defense against natural
enemies. Recent reviews of defensive coloration have emphasized that these visual signals …

The strategies underlying different forms of protective coloration are well understood but little
attention has been paid to the ecological, life‐history and behavioural circumstances under …

This book about various types of visual defense (coloration, morphology, movement) of
plants against herbivores is not just a list of facts and hypotheses, with a reference source …

Camouflage is one of the most widespread forms of anti-predator defence and prevents prey
individuals from being detected or correctly recognized by would-be predators. Over the past …

A common idea is that resisting or blocking herbivore attacks by structural, chemical and
molecular means after they have commenced is the first line of plant defence. However …

Although numerous studies about camouflage have been conducted in the last few
decades, there is still a significant gap in our knowledge about the magnitude of protective …

When constraints on antipredator coloration shift over the course of development, it can be
advantageous for animals to adopt different color strategies for each life stage. Many …

Selection imposed by visually hunting predators has driven the evolution of colour‐based
antipredator defence strategies such as crypsis, masquerade, mimicry and aposematism …

Colour is an important component of many different defensive strategies, but signal efficacy
and detectability will also depend on the size of the coloured structures, and how pattern …