T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a failure of
spontaneous resolution of inflammation. Although the pro-inflammatory cytokines and …

Gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with the development of autoimmune disease, but the
mechanisms by which microbial dysbiosis affects the transition from asymptomatic …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, systemic, inflammatory disorder that
affects synovial joints, both small and large joints, in a symmetric pattern. This disorder …

Inflammatory diseases such as arthritis are chronic conditions that fail to resolve
spontaneously. While the cytokine and cellular pathways triggering arthritis are well defined …

Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease causing erythematosus and scaly skin
plaques; up to 30% of patients with psoriasis develop Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), which is …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are garnering increased attention in research related to
autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They play an essential role in the …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves T and B cells and their
reciprocal immune interactions with proinflammatory cytokines. T cells, an essential part of …

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory cytokines play a pivotal role in triggering abnormal
osteoclastogenesis leading to articular destruction. Recent studies have demonstrated …

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a pleiotropic cytokine and was primarily studied in the context of T
helper 2 (TH2)-associated immuno-pathological conditions such as asthma and parasitic …