Since the introduction of penicillin, β-lactam antibiotics have been the antimicrobial agents
of choice. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these life-saving antibiotics is significantly threatened …

The simplistic image of the bacterium as an isolated, planktonic, self-cloning automaton is
refuted. We now recognize bacteria as microorganisms of enormous diversity and …

TEM-1 β-lactamase is one of the most well-known antibiotic resistance determinants around.
It confers resistance to penicillins and early cephalosporins and has shown an astonishing …

The extensive and sometimes irresponsible use of beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical and
agricultural settings has contributed to the emergence and widespread dissemination of …

The enormous genetic flexibility of bacteria jeopardizes the usefulness of currently available
antibiotics, and requires new approaches to antibiotic discovery and development …

Abstract β‐Lactam antibiotics are generally perceived as one of the greatest inventions of
the 20th century, and these small molecular compounds have saved millions of lives …

This review focuses on target-based approaches for developing new chemical classes of
antibacterial agents aimed at the bacterial cell wall. The clinical success of antibiotics such …

Antimicrobial resistance arises by (i) mutation of cellular genes,(ii) acquisition of exogenous
resistance genes, or (iii) mutation of acquired genes. The most completely studied example …

Bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors is an ever increasing
problem that threatens the clinical utility of drugs that form the cornerstone of the antibiotic …

Bacterial resistance is a serious threat to human health. The production of β-lactamase,
which inactivates β-lactams is most common cause of resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics …