Being nondestructive and requiring short measurement times, a low amount of material, and
no sample preparation, Raman spectroscopy is used for routine investigation in the study of …

Precious corals have been commercially exploited for many centuries all over the world.
Their skeletons have been used as amulets or jewellery since antiquity and are one of the …

The current paper gives an overview of the development of Raman spectrometry in
gemmological laboratories. While before 1990s, no commercial gemmological laboratory …

The identification of gemstones is an important topic in the field of cultural heritage, given
their enormous value. Particularly, the most important precious stones, namely diamond …

The science of gemology has its roots in two main functions: observation and interpreta tion
of those observations. With this approach, gemologists have developed quite effective ways …

Bronze fibulae decorated with white-to-reddish circular insets were used during the VII
century BC in Northwestern Italy–particularly in the Piedmont region. These insets …

This article reviews the extraction of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from biogenic gem
materials (pearls, corals and ivory) for determining species identification and …

An attempt to explain the origin of the vivid red color in precious pink and red corals was
undertaken. Raman and IR spectroscopies were applied to characterize white, pink and red …

Raman spectroscopy has become a routine technique in gemmological laboratories since
the late 1990s. It is mostly used for identification of inclusions and this is of interest in …

During the Central European Iron Age, more specifically between 600 and 100 BC, red
precious corals (Corallium rubrum) became very popular in many regions, often associated …