The rumen is a complex ecosystem composed of anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, fungi,
methanogenic archaea and phages. These microbes interact closely to breakdown plant …

Background The constant global need for food has created a demand for colossal food
production. Every day the world requires more food than it is capable of growing and …

EFSA and EMA have jointly reviewed measures taken in the EU to reduce the need for and
use of antimicrobials in food‐producing animals, and the resultant impacts on antimicrobial …

Recent significant progress in culture-independent techniques, together with the parallel
development of-omics technologies and data analysis capabilities, have led to a new …

Direct-fed microbials (DFMs) are feed additives containing live naturally existing microbes
that can benefit animals' health and production performance. Due to the banned or strictly …

Antibiotics have been overused and misused for preventive and therapeutic purposes.
Specifically, antibiotics are frequently used as growth promoters for improving productivity …

Purpose The objective of this narrative review was to describe the effect of microbial-based
products, specifically pro-and prebiotics, on gut health, function, and disease prevention …

Simple Summary Multi-strain probiotics are composed of more than one species or strains of
bacteria and sometimes, including some fungal species with benefits to human and animals' …

The calf stage is a critical period for the development of heifers. Newborn calves have low
gastrointestinal barrier function and immunity before weaning, making them highly …

There is increasing evidence of a pivotal role of the gut microbiota (GUT-M) in key
physiological functions in vertebrates. Many studies discuss functional implications of the …