Numerical modelling of subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs) gained increasing
interest during the last years. The main objective of the modelling work is, on the one hand …

Constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment have evolved substantially over the
last decades and have been recognized as an effective means of “green technology” for …

Vertical flow constructed wetlands for wastewater and sludge treatment represent a
relatively new and still growing technology. Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands is the first …

Treated municipal wastewater (TWW) can be recycled and reused in Mediterranean
countries and other arid and semi-arid regions that are confronting increasing water …

PhreeqcRM is a geochemical reaction module designed specifically to perform equilibrium
and kinetic reaction calculations for reactive transport simulators that use an operator …

Plant species carry out a series of important biological, chemical and physical processes
within a constructed wetland wastewater treatment system and make a significant …

In Italy, the restrictive approach for reclaimed water (RW) use in agriculture has led to some
difficulties in spreading this practice. In particular, matching microbiological standards …

The water crisis is a global problem. According to estimates, at least one month of significant
water scarcity impacts four billion people, or over two-thirds of the world's population, each …

The design, operation, pollutant removal as well as hydraulic modeling of wetland systems
for wastewater treatment can be improved by better understanding and simulating the …

Numerical model as a simulation tool was used to describe the pollutants transformation and
degradation process in constructed wetlands (CWs). It can help provide insight into the …