Designing and manufacturing multi-functional, lightweight and high-performance body
armour materials and assemblies have attracted intense attention recently due to fast …

The synergistic integration of nanomaterials with 3D printing technologies can enable the
creation of architecture and devices with an unprecedented level of functional integration. In …

Fish, reptiles, and mammals can possess flexible dermal armor for protection. Here we seek
to find the means by which Nature derives its protection by examining the scales from …

Arapaima gigas, a fresh water fish found in the Amazon Basin, resist predation by piranhas
through the strength and toughness of their scales, which act as natural dermal armour …

Natural protection offered to living beings is the result of millions of years of biological
revolution. The protections provided in fishes, armadillos, and turtles by unique hierarchal …

The scales of the arapaima (Arapaima gigas), one of the largest freshwater fish in the world,
can serve as inspiration for the design of flexible dermal armor. Each scale is composed of …

Seafood by-products, produced by a range of different organisms, such as fishes,
shellfishes, squids, and bivalves, are usually discarded as wastes, despite their possible use …

Inspired by the overlapping scales found on teleost fish, a new composite architecture
explores the mechanics of materials to accommodate both flexibility and protection. These …

The alligator gar is a large fish with flexible armor consisting of ganoid scales. These scales
contain a thin layer of ganoine (microhardness∼ 2.5 GPa) and a bony body …

The structure and mechanics of fish scales display unusual and attractive features which
could inspire new protective materials and systems. This natural material is therefore …