Abstract In May 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics
(ISAPP) convened a panel of nutritionists, physiologists and microbiologists to review the …

The gut microbiota has been linked to the emergence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and
the onset of type 2 diabetes through decreased glucose tolerance and insulin resistance …

Advances in our understanding of uremic retention solutes, and improvements in
hemodialysis membranes and other techniques designed to remove uremic retention …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function. The gradual decline in
kidney function leads to an accumulation of toxins normally cleared by the kidneys, resulting …

Numerous studies have indicated that the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to
end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is strictly associated with the accumulation of toxic …

Persistent, low‐grade inflammation is now considered a hallmark feature of chronic kidney
disease (CKD), being involved in the development of all‐cause mortality of these patients …

The observation that unhealthy diets (those that are low in whole grains, fruits and
vegetables, and high in sugar, salt, saturated fat and ultra-processed foods) are a major risk …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in more
than 5% of hepatocytes in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption and other …

Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the host has attracted considerable attention
owing to its involvement in diverse diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly …

Background: Despite available clinical management strategies, chronic kidney disease
(CKD) is associated with severe morbidity and mortality worldwide, which beckons new …