The brain is a highly energy-demanding organ and requires bioenergetic adaptability to
balance normal activity with pathophysiological fuelling of spontaneous recurrent seizures …

Delirium is the most common complication found in the general hospital setting. Yet, we
know relatively little about its actual pathophysiology. This article contains a summary of …

Abstract Objectives of the International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen
Metabolism Commission were to identify well‐characterized animal models of hepatic …

Elevated concentrations of ammonia in the brain as a result of hyperammonemia leads to
cerebral dysfunction involving a spectrum of neuropsychiatric and neurological symptoms …

The urea cycle disorders constitute a group of rare congenital disorders caused by a
deficiency of the enzymes or transport proteins required to remove ammonia from the body …

Glutamate fulfils many vital functions both at a peripheral level and in the central nervous
system (CNS). However, hyperammonemia and hepatic failure induce alterations in …

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the most important complications of cirrhosis and
portal hypertension. Although the etiology is incompletely understood, it has been linked to …

The article explains the pathogenesis of disturbances in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA;
valine, leucine, and isoleucine) and protein metabolism in various forms of hepatic injury …

The common feature of urea cycle diseases (UCD) is a defect in ammonium elimination in
liver, leading to hyperammonemia. This excess of circulating ammonium eventually reaches …

This review addresses recent and not so recent works that emphasize on the mechanisms
by which liver damage can induce encephalopathy. Hepatic encephalopathy constitutes an …