Smoking is relevant to infectious diseases resulting in increased prevalence and mortality. In
this article, we aim to provide an overview of the effects of smoking in various infections and …

Alcohol use is common among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In
this narrative review, we describe literature regarding alcohol's impact on transmission, care …

Background With the advent of effective antiretroviral treatment, the life expectancy for
people with HIV is now approaching that seen in the general population. Consequently, the …

Background: Cardiovascular disease and non-AIDS malignancies have become major
causes of death among HIV-infected individuals. The relative impact of lifestyle and HIV …

The emergence of chronic disease complications in controlled HIV disease has changed the
landscape of HIV clinical care. HIV infection confers an increased cardiovascular disease …

The predisposition of cigarette smokers for development of oral and respiratory infections
caused by microbial pathogens is well recognised, with those infected with the human …

The association of coronary heart disease (CHD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection has been well recognized for many years. The etiology of the increased prevalence …

Background. Patterns of cause-specific mortality in individuals infected with human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are changing dramatically in the era of antiretroviral …

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals have increased risk of
myocardial infarction (MI); however, the contribution from smoking and potentiating effects of …

Substance use is highly prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS, is often comorbid with
other mental health problems, related to poor HIV medical outcomes, and, is associated with …