The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple
crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a …

The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of
cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes
of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the …

Abstract TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in
mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling regulates a wide range of biological
processes. TGF-β plays an important role in tumorigenesis and contributes to the hallmarks …

The TGF-β signaling pathway governs key cellular processes under physiologic conditions
and is deregulated in many pathologies, including cancer. TGF-β is a multifunctional …

The systemic spread of tumor cells is the ultimate cause of the majority of deaths from
cancer, yet few successful therapeutic strategies have emerged to specifically target …

The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling events are well known to control diverse
processes and numerous responses, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis …

Tumor cells exist in close proximity with non-malignant cells. Extensive and multilayered
crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells tailors the tumor microenvironment (TME) to …

The distortion of growth factor signalling is the most important prerequisite in tumour
progression. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling regulates tumour progression …