Eastern Africa exhibits bimodal rainfall consisting of long rains (March–May) and short rains
(October–December), changes in which have profound socioeconomic and environmental …

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in weather conditions and patterns of extreme
weather events. It may lead to changes in health threat to human beings, multiplying existing …

Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods (for example,
mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies) to humans and wild and domestic animals, with the largest …

Current evidence suggests that inter-annual and inter-decadal climate variability have a
direct influence on the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. This evidence has been …

Global change includes climate change and climate variability, land use, water storage and
irrigation, human population growth and urbanization, trade and travel, and chemical …

Summary El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate event that originates in the
Pacific Ocean but has wide-ranging consequences for weather around the world, and is …

The world's climate appears now to be changing at an unprecedented rate. Shifts in the
distribution and behaviour of insect and bird species indicate that biological systems are …

Abstract Background:-In Ethiopia, malaria is seasonal and unstable, causing frequent
epidemics. It usually occurs at altitudes< 2,000 m above sea level. Occasionally …

Environmental changes have a huge impact on the emergence and reemergence of certain
infectious diseases, mostly in countries with high biodiversity and serious unresolved …

In recent decades, malaria has become established in zones at the margin of its previous
distribution, especially in the highlands of East Africa. Studies in this region have sparked a …