Marine organisms have occupied hard substrates since the Archaean. Shells, rocks, wood
and sedimentary hardgrounds offer relatively stable habitats compared to unconsolidated …

A decade has yielded much progress in understanding polar disturbance and community
recovery—mainly through quantifying ice scour rates, other disturbance levels, larval …

The principle objective of this book is to review the biological characteristics of estuaries.
The volume has been as a text for undergraduates and graduate students as well as …

This study examined the aggregation behaviour of blue mussels, Mytilusedulis, under threat
of predation by European lobster, Homarusgammarus Linnaeus. Risk of predation was …

Associations of benthic invertebrates from Potter Cove (Antarctica) were defined from photo-
transects. Density, percentage cover, species richness S′, diversity index H′, evenness …

Many animals and plants that colonize hard surfaces in the sea are sessile and either bore
into, or cement themselves permanently to the substrate surface. Because they retain their …

Predicting the relevance of initial colonization and subsequent species interactions for
succession in marine sessile communities is difficult because the effects of both factors …

Identity, quantity and seasonal variation in recruiting invertebrate larvae were investigated at
Signy Island, Antarctica. Nine settlement panels were deployed at each of three sites at …

Encrusting bryozoans provide one of the few systems in the fossil record in which ecological
competition can be observed directly at local scales. The macroevolutionary history of …

Benthic organisms compete for space, and standoff interactions, ie interactions with no
clearly observable outcome such as win or loss, are very common in marine hard …