Osteoporosis develops when the rate of osteoclastic bone breakdown (resorption) exceeds
that of osteoblastic bone formation, which leads to loss of BMD and deterioration of bone …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a chronic infectious disease currently requiring
lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART). People living with HIV (PLWH) face an increased risk of …

The mechanisms that control physiological and pathological bone mass and turnover have
been extensively investigated over the past several decades. One surprising discovery that …

Objective and design: People living with HIV (PLH) suffer disproportionately from the chronic
diseases exacerbated by smoking tobacco. We performed a systematic review and meta …

HIV infection is associated with high rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis, but the
mechanisms involved are unclear. We recently reported that bone loss in the HIV transgenic …

Abstract Background. Antiretrovirals (ARVs) affect bone density and turnover, but their effect
on risk of fractures and osteonecrosis of the femoral head is less understood. We …

The success of antiretroviral therapy in treating HIV infection has greatly prolonged life
expectancy in affected individuals, transforming the disease into a chronic condition. A …

The overall purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on best clinical practice in
the treatment and management of adults with HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART) …

Bone and surgical site infections after osteosynthesis are notoriously difficult to manage and
pose a tremendous burden in fracture management. In this article, we use the term …

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and
microarchitectural changes in bone tissue that increase the susceptibility to fracture …