The Wnt/β-catenin pathway comprises a family of proteins that play critical roles in
embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. The deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated for the treatment of
various diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs is attributed to complex cellular and …

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising resource for allogeneic cartilage
transplantation to treat articular cartilage defects that do not heal spontaneously and often …

Tissue engineering strategies for treating bone loss to date have largely focused on
targeting stem cells or vascularization. Immune cells, including macrophages and T cells …

The regeneration of bone fractures, resulting from trauma, osteoporosis or tumors, is a major
problem in our super-aging society. Bone regeneration is one of the main topics of concern …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential to differentiate into various types of
cells, including but not limited to, adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. In addition to …

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is promising for repairing heart tissues post
myocardial infarction (MI). In particular, paracrine effects of the transplanted MSCs have …

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is essential in the pathogenesis of joint
inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), facilitating …

Owing to the high density of bone tissue and the complex and highly hierarchical structure,
drugs used for the treatment of bone-related diseases are often not effectively concentrated …

The development of interdisciplinary biomedical engineering brings significant
breakthroughs to the field of cartilage regeneration. However, cartilage defects are …