Highlights•bZIPs are evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic transcription factors.•The
Arabidopsis bZIP family consists of 78 members classified into 13 groups.•bZIPs perform a …

Plants solely rely on innate immunity of each individual cell to deal with a diversity of
microbes in the environment. Extracellular recognition of microbe‐and host damage …

The environmental stress is a major area of scientific concern because it constraints plant as
well as crop productivity. This situation has been further worsened by anthropogenic …

In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely
occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are …

Plants confront multifarious environmental stresses widely divided into abiotic and biotic
stresses, of which heavy metal stress represents one of the most damaging abiotic stresses …

Plant genetic transformation heavily relies on the bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium
tumefaciens as a powerful tool to deliver genes of interest into a host plant. Inside the plant …

Highlights•MAPK cascades are conserved signaling modules downstream of cell surface
receptors.•Plant perception of endogenous and exogenous signals converges on MAPK …

Many plant bacteriologists, if not all, feel that their particular microbe should appear in any
list of the most important bacterial plant pathogens. However, to our knowledge, no such list …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules
downstream of receptors/sensors that transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular …

Next to numerous abiotic stresses, plants are constantly exposed to a variety of pathogens
within their environment. Thus, their ability to survive and prosper during the course of …