Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical
attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials …

Small-molecule near-IR (NIR) optical imaging has experienced tremendous advancements
over the past two decades, playing important roles in both theory and application in the …

The second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) fluorescent probes have significant
advantages over visible or NIR-I (600–900 nm) imaging for both depth of penetration and …

Ag2S quantum dots (QDs) emitting in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1.0–1.4 μm)
are demonstrated as a promising fluorescent probe with both bright photoluminescence and …

Cancer involves a collection of diseases with a common trait–dysregulation in cell
proliferation. At present, traditional therapeutic strategies against cancer have limitations in …

To address the requirements of biomedical applications including biosensing, bioimaging,
and drug delivery, fluorescent nanomaterials served as efficient tools in many cases. Among …

Photoacoustic imaging using endogenous chromophores as a contrast has been widely
applied in biomedical studies owing to its functional imaging capability at the molecular …

Molecular imaging technology enables us to observe the physiological or pathological
processes in living tissue at the molecular level to accurately diagnose diseases at an early …

Fluorescence imaging has gathered interest over the recent years for its real-time response
and high sensitivity. Developing probes for this modality has proven to be a challenge …

Many aptamers have been evaluated for their ability as drug delivery vehicles to target
ligands, and a variety of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been tested for their anti …