The immunologic specificity of the antigen receptors of T cells and B cells is the result of
random shuffling of the many genes that form the DNA code for the antigen-binding site of …

Some patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus do not respond to conventional
immunosuppression or suffer severe side effects from such treatment. In order to explore the …

Background: Controlled trials in lupus nephritis have demonstrated that cyclophosphamide
therapy is superior to corticosteroid therapy alone. The long-term effectiveness and side …

BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) in either its diffuse or limited skin
forms has a high mortality when vital organs are affected. No treatment has been shown to …

Objective: To analyse the durability of the responses after haematopoietic stem cell
transplantation (HSCT) for severe systemic sclerosis (SSc) and determine whether the high …

Over the last decade, hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) has been
increasingly used in the treatment of severe progressive autoimmune diseases. We report a …

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the earliest cells of the immune system, giving rise to B
and T lymphocytes, monocytes, tissue macrophages, and dendritic cells. In animal models …

Bioreactor technology is vital for tissue engineering. Usually, bioreactors are used to provide
a tissue‐specific physiological in vitro environment during tissue maturation. In addition to …

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been proposed for the treatment of
severe multiple sclerosis (MS). In a phase 2 multicenter study we selected 19 non–primary …

Objective Evidence from animal studies, case reports, and phase I studies suggests that
hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid …