Introduction: All epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent
among the Polish general population. Since vitamin D deficiency was shown to be among …

Vitamin D testing and the use of vitamin D supplements have increased substantially in
recent years. Currently, the role of vitamin D supplementation, and the optimal vitamin D …

Vitamin D intervenes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis.
Experimental studies have shown that 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) generates …

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is a global health issue that afflicts more than one
billion children and adults worldwide. The consequences of vitamin D deficiency cannot be …

Research carried out during the past two-decades extended the understanding of actions of
vitamin D, from regulating calcium and phosphate absorption and bone metabolism to many …

Vitamin D deficiency can lead to musculoskeletal diseases such as rickets and
osteomalacia, but vitamin D supplementation may also prevent extraskeletal diseases such …

Introduction Vitamin D deficiency is an important public health problem worldwide. Vitamin D
deficiency confers a significant risk for both skeletal and non-skeletal disorders and a …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision-loss globally. Of an estimated 285
million people with diabetes mellitus worldwide, approximately one third have signs of DR …

In the last decades, autoimmune diseases have experienced a dramatic increase in Western
countries. The involvement of environmental factors is strongly suspected to explain this rise …

Importance Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that performs an important role in calcium
homeostasis and bone metabolism and also affects many other cellular regulatory functions …