Bottom‐up tissue engineering is a promising approach for designing modular biomimetic
structures that aim to recapitulate the intricate hierarchy and biofunctionality of native human …

The great demand for tissue and organ grafts, compounded by an aging demographic and a
shortage of available donors, has driven the development of bioengineering approaches …

Current treatment approaches for spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are mainly based on cellular
transplantation. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) without supply constraints and ethical …

A key early sign of degenerative disc disease (DDD) is the loss of nucleus pulposus (NP)
cells (NPCs). Accordingly, NPC transplantation is a treatment strategy for intervertebral disc …

Bone defects caused by trauma, tumour resection, infection and congenital deformities,
together with articular cartilage defects and cartilage–subchondral bone complex defects …

Cell sheet engineering (CSE) has emerged as a novel strategy promising for cellular
therapies and scaffold-free tissue engineering. In contrast to conventional cell-based or …

Bone defects that are congenital or the result of infection, malignancy, or trauma represent a
challenge to the global healthcare system. To address this issue, multiple research groups …

Hydrogels have promising application in tissue regeneration due to their excellent
physicochemical and biocompatible properties, whereas anisotropic micropatterns are been …

Biomedical scaffolds should provide physical, biological, and topographical cues to seeded
or laden cells to successfully mimic the physiochemical properties of native tissues. Cell …

Periosteum, a highly vascularized bilayer connective tissue membrane plays an
indispensable role in the repair and regeneration of bone defects. It is involved in blood …