The immune system has tailored its effector functions to optimally respond to distinct species
of microbes. Based on emerging knowledge on the different effector T-cell and innate …

Infiltration of memory CD4+ T cells in synovial joints of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients
has been reported since decades. Moreover, several genome wide association studies …

A Bose-Einstein condensate was produced in a vapor of rubidium-87 atoms that was
confined by magnetic fields and evaporatively cooled. The condensate fraction first …

Mice are the experimental tool of choice for the majority of immunologists and the study of
their immune responses has yielded tremendous insight into the workings of the human …

Allergic rhinitis is clinically defined as a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced by an IgE-
mediated inflammation after allergen exposure of the membranes lining the nose. Symptoms …

CD4 T cells potentiate the inflammatory or humoral immune response through the action of
Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. The molecular basis of the differentiation of these cells from …

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a marked heterogeneity in
pathophysiology and etiology. The heterogeneity of BA may be related to the inducing …

LEARNING OBJECTIVE: To understand the current status of knowledge in the basic field of
polarized specific immune responses mediated by CD4+ T helper (Th) lymphocytes, based …

Allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic eczema are among the commonest causes of chronic ill
health. These diseases are increasing in prevalence, and they add considerably to the …

T lymphocytes are the central regulatory cells of the immune system. Much of their function is
mediated by a set of small proteins whose expression, secretion, or both is induced as a …