Calcium ions generate versatile intracellular signals that control key functions in all types of
neurons. Imaging calcium in neurons is particularly important because calcium signals exert …

Fluorescence has long been recognized as a powerful tool for probing biological structure
and function. Nearly sixty-five years ago, Coons and colleagues introduced the first …

In the past 5–10 years, the power of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its numerous
derivatives has been harnessed toward the development of genetically encoded fluorescent …

The ability to chronically monitor neuronal activity in the living brain is essential for
understanding the organization and function of the nervous system. The genetically …

In a departure from previous top-down or bottom-up strategies used to understand neuronal
circuits, many forward-looking research programs now place the circuit itself at their centre …

Recent developments in genetically encoded indicators of neural activity (GINAs) have
greatly advanced the field of systems neuroscience. As they are encoded by DNA, GINAs …

Odor landscapes contain complex blends of molecules that each activate unique,
overlapping populations of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Despite the presence of …

Understanding central processing requires precise monitoring of neural activity across
populations of identified neurons in the intact brain. In the present study, we used recently …

A major challenge in neuroscience is to understand how universal behaviors, such as
sensation, movement, cognition, and emotion, arise from the interactions of specific cells that …

A fundamental problem in systems neuroscience is mapping the physical properties of a
stimulus to perceptual characteristics. In vision, wavelength translates into color; in audition …