In recent times, security and safety are, at least, conducted in safety-sensitive or critical
sectors. Nevertheless, both processes do not commonly analyze the impact of security risks …

Not only has the railway accidental prevention been a prime focus, but it has also become a
key challenge for the industry in recent years. For many decades, rail authorities have …

Purpose In the process of nowadays efficiency evaluation of any mode of transportation,
sustainability results are the most important factor. In regard to railway sustainability, Train …

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prepare a methodology to evaluate availability
analysis of distillery plant using Petri nets (PN). The effect of various failures, repair rate and …

Non-functional requirements are essentially important and play vital role for applications
ranging from safety-critical systems (SCS) to simple gaming applications to ensure their …

The post-disaster emergency medical rescue (EMR) is critical for people's lives. This paper
presents a stochastic Petri net (SPN) model based on the process of the rescue structure …

Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) have various applications in safety and
mission critical systems. Sensors are used for sensing the information whereas actors for …

Although, Unified Modeling Language (UML) has become a de-facto standard for design
and specification of object oriented systems but its structures being semi-formal in nature …

Railroad transportation systems are an area that poses the threat of causing huge risk for
both the environment and people if an error emerges during operation. For this reason …

Railway interlocking system is a typical safety-critical system, design defects of the system
will pose the great risks on the safety and affect the operation efficiency of the railway …