T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as “thrush,” is an opportunistic fungal infection that
commonly affects the oral mucosa. The main causative agent, Candida albicans, is a highly …

1, 25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 [1, 25 (OH) 2D3] is the hormonally active form of vitamin D. The
genomic mechanism of 1, 25 (OH) 2D3 action involves the direct binding of the 1, 25 (OH) …

The balance between Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) has emerged as a prominent
factor in regulating autoimmunity and cancer. Th17 cells are vital for host defense against …

T lymphocytes (T cells) are divided into two functionally different subgroups the CD4+ T
helper cells (Th) and the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Adequate CD4 and CD8 T …

The harmonic coexistence of microorganisms with the human body is the result of a long
coevolutionary process that has minimized competition for nutrients and immunological …

Vitamin D (VitD) is a prohormone most noted for the regulation of calcium and phosphate
levels in circulation, and thus of bone metabolism. Inflammatory and immune cells not only …

The eye is regarded as an immune privileged site. Since the presence of a vasculature
would impair vision, the vasculature of the eye is located outside of the central light path. As …

Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are highly produced in the
intestine and potentially regulate the immune system. We studied the function of SCFAs in …

T-helper 17 (Th17) and T-regulatory (Treg) cells are frequently found at barrier surfaces,
particularly within the intestinal mucosa, where they function to protect the host from …