Gonadal hormones play a key role in the establishment, activation, and regulation of the
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. By influencing the response and sensitivity to …

Rhodiola rosea L. has a long history of use in traditional medicine to stimulate the nervous
system, treat stress-induced fatigue and depression, enhance physical performance and …

Background In recent decades there has been a growing concern about animal stress on
intensive pig farms due to the undesirable consequences that stress produces in the normal …

The secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) is a classic endocrine response to stress. Despite
that, it remains controversial as to what purpose GCs serve at such times. One view …

The stress system coordinates the adaptive responses of the organism to stressors of any
kind. 1 The main components of the stress system are the corticotropin-releasing hormone …

Conservation physiology proposes that measures of physiological stress (glucocorticoid
levels) can be used to assess the status and future fate of natural populations. Increases in …

Human-animal interactions have a profound effect on farm animals and stockpeople alike.
Training of stockpeople can improve livestock welfare and in turn productivity, and is a …

Life history theory provides a metatheoretical framework for the study of pubertal timing from
an evolutionary-developmental perspective. The current article reviews 5 middle-level …

To investigate the dependence of LH pulsatility on energy availability (dietary energy intake
minus exercise energy expenditure), we measured LH pulsatility after manipulating the …

Despite the fact that many research articles have been written about stress and stress-
related diseases, no scientifically accepted definition of stress exists. Selye introduced and …