The circadian clock evolved in diverse organisms to integrate external environmental
changes and internal physiology. The clock endows the host with temporal precision and …

Melatonin is ubiquitous molecule with wide distribution in nature and is produced by many
living organisms. In human beings, pineal gland is the major site for melatonin production …

In mammals, a central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the
hypothalamus, tunes the innate circadian physiological rhythms to the ambient 24 h light …

Availability of artificial light and light-emitting devices have altered human temporal life,
allowing 24-hour healthcare, commerce and production, and expanding social life around …

Before the invention of electric lighting, humans were primarily exposed to intense (> 300
lux) or dim (< 30 lux) environmental light—stimuli at extreme ends of the circadian system's …

Obesity and its complications have become a prominent global public health problem that
severely threatens human health. Melatonin, originally known as an effective antioxidant, is …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with multiple
predisposing factors and complicated pathogenesis. Aβ peptide is one of the most important …

Melatonin receptors are seven transmembrane‐spanning proteins belonging to the GPCR
superfamily. In mammals, two melatonin receptor subtypes exist‐MT1 and MT2‐encoded by …

Melatonin, or 5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine, is synthesized and released by the pineal
gland and locally in the retina following a circadian rhythm, with low levels during the day …

Melatonin, the neurohormone of the pineal gland, is also produced by various other tissues
and cells. It acts via G protein-coupled receptors expressed in various areas of the central …