Abstract Context The European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines panel on upper
urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has updated the guidelines to aid clinicians in …

Tumours employ various tactics to adapt and eventually resist immune attack. These
mechanisms are collectively called adaptive immune resistance (AIR). The first defined and …

Abstract The 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the urinary and male
genital tumors was recently published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer …

Abstract The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a
forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have already substantially improved
the outcomes of patients with many types of cancer, although only 20–40% of patients derive …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are considered a new standard-of-care across many
cancer indications. This review provides an update on ICIs approved by the Food and Drug …

PURPOSE Patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who progress on platinum-
based combination chemotherapy (PLT) and checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have limited …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made an indelible mark in the field of cancer
immunotherapy. Starting with the approval of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein …

Bladder cancer accounts for nearly 170,000 deaths worldwide annually. For over 4 decades,
the systemic management of muscle‐invasive and advanced bladder cancer has primarily …

The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a
central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science …