As part of an initiative to improve rigor and reproducibility in biomedical research, the US
National Institutes of Health now requires the consideration of sex as a biological variable in …

Withdrawal from opioids involves a negative affective state that promotes maintenance of
drug-seeking behavior and relapse. As such, understanding the neurobiological …

Rationale The female menstrual or estrous cycle and its associated fluctuations in circulating
estradiol (E2), progesterone, and other gonadal hormones alter orexin or hypocretin peptide …

Introduction While substantial research has focused on the contribution of sex hormones to
driving elevated levels of alcohol drinking in female rodents, fewer studies have investigated …

Rationale Female rodents consume more ethanol (EtOH) than males and exhibit greater
aversion-resistant drinking in some paradigms. Ovarian hormones promote EtOH drinking …

The serotonin 5HT2c receptor has been widely implicated in the pathophysiology of alcohol
use disorder (AUD), particularly alcohol seeking and the affective consequences of chronic …

Background One characteristic of alcohol use disorder is compulsive drinking or drinking
despite negative consequences. When quinine is used to model such aversion‐resistant …

Objective: Preclinical studies suggest that cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating
phytocannabinoid, may reduce addiction-related behaviours for various drug classes in …

Resurgence refers to the relapse of a target behavior following the worsening of a source of
alternative reinforcement that was made available during response elimination. Most …

Alcohol use and high‐risk alcohol drinking behaviours among women are rapidly rising. In
rodent models, females typically consume more ethanol (EtOH) than males. Here, we used …