In the first part of the review, topical agents and first-line systemic treatment options for
cutaneous lupus erythematosus were discussed whereas in the second part, recent …

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) includes a broad range of dermatologic
manifestations, which may or may not be associated with systemic disease. Recent studies …

The hydroxyl (OH) radical is the most important oxidant in the atmosphere since it controls its
self-oxidizing capacity. The main sources of OH radicals are the photolysis of ozone and the …

The underlying pathomechanisms of lupus erythematosus (LE), a multifactorial autoimmune
disease, remain elusive. Due to the clinical evidence demonstrating a clear relationship …

Clinical manifestations of lupus are encountered in a variety of disease entities, including
isolated cutaneous lupus, undifferentiated connective tissue disease, mixed connective …

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease involving
well-defined skin lesions that can be categorized as acute CLE (ACLE), subacute CLE …

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with clinical
manifestations of differing severity. The exact pathomechanisms and interactions resulting in …

Xeroderma pigmentosum ('dry pigmented skin')(XP) is a hereditary autosomal recessive
disorder characterized by mucocutaneous and ocular hypersensitivity to UV radiation with …

Synthesis of TiO 2 through reverse micelle sol–gel (RMS) route showed 18 nm mean
diameter with homogeneous particle size distribution (PDI= 0.11). TiO 2 nanomaterial with a …

Previous studies have demonstrated that UVB radiation changes the epidermal permeability
barrier and stratum corneum (SC) hydration. It is well known that sun exposure causes …