Background and objective Mechanistic-based Model simulations (MM) are an effective
approach commonly employed, for research and learning purposes, to better investigate …

Artificial immune systems (AIS) constitute a relatively new area of bio-inspired computing.
Biological models of the natural immune system, in particular the theories of clonal selection …

This book presents the foundation and development of the theory of cellular automata
identification and its application to natural systems. It first sets out the known and proposes …

In this position paper, we argue that the field of artificial immune systems (AIS) has reached
an impasse. For many years, immune inspired algorithms, whilst having some degree of …

Fig. 1. Depletirm of human CD4 T cells follou, ing infection of severe com-hine: l immunode/:
iciency mice beari, g human peripheral hh od mommuclear cell grafts (hu-PBL-SCID) mice …

A single hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) can generate a clone, consisting of daughter HSCs
and differentiated progeny, which can sustain the hematopoietic system of multiple hosts for …

Evolutionary algorithms and cellular automata are two computational approaches to model
complex adaptive systems. Here is described an immune system simulator that uses a …

This absorbing book provides a broad introduction to the surprising nature of change, and
explains how the Law of Unintended Consequences arises from the waves of change …

In developmental biology, modeling and simulation play an important role in understanding
cellular behavior. This article includes a review of the general models of development that …

Map generalization is rapidly becoming an important issue in surficial geology. One of the
most complicated and least defined steps in this procedure is polygon generalization. Here …