Natural structural materials are built at ambient temperature from a fairly limited selection of
components. They usually comprise hard and soft phases arranged in complex hierarchical …

Nature provides examples of resilient materials and structures with optimised morphologies
and topologies to achieve excellent mechanical and structural properties and sustainable …

When searching for genuinely sustainable building design and technology-designs that go
beyond conventional sustainability to be truly restorative-we often find that nature got there …

Eight structural elements in biological materials are identified as the most common amongst
a variety of animal taxa. These are proposed as a new paradigm in the field of biological …

An order of magnitude tougher than nacre, conch shells are known for being one of the
toughest body armors in nature. However, the complexity of the conch shell architecture …

Biomimetic material development takes inspiration from biological materials and organisms
that possess extraordinary properties or appearance, such as excellent mechanical strength …

Glasses are materials that lack a crystalline microstructure and long‐range atomic order.
Instead, they feature heterogeneity and disorder on superstructural scales, which have …

The recent development of nanoscale fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and
nanocellulose, allows the functionality of polymer nanocomposites to be controlled and …

Biomineralization is an important tactic by which biological organisms produce hierarchically
structured minerals with marvellous functions. Biomineralization studies typically focus on …

Metals can be strengthened by adding hard reinforcements, but such strategy usually
compromises ductility and toughness. Natural nacre consists of hard and soft phases …