BACKGROUND Early civilizations developed around seasonal river floodplains, and the
natural rhythm of rivers remains critical to humans today. We use streams and rivers to meet …

Mountain lakes are often situated in protected natural areas, a feature that leads to their role
as sentinels of global environmental change. Despite variations in latitude, mountain lakes …

River networks are hierarchical dendritic habitats embedded within the terrestrial landscape,
with varying connectivity between sites depending on their positions along the network. This …

The River Continuum Concept (RCC) is a milestone in stream ecology because of its
comprehensive evaluation of the structure and function of lotic ecosystems. Linking stream …

Freshwater ecosystems are strongly influenced by weather extremes such as heatwaves
(HWs), which are predicted to increase in frequency and magnitude in the future. In addition …

Flooding is a major disturbance that impacts aquatic ecosystems and the ecosystem
services that they provide. Predicted increases in global flood risk due to land use change …

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) and its
consequence for ecosystem services has predominantly been studied by controlled, short …

We explore the oft-repeated claim that river water quality in Great Britain is “better now than
at any time since the Industrial Revolution”. We review available data and ancillary evidence …

River water quality is crucial to ecosystem health and water security, yet its deterioration
under climate change is often overlooked in climate risk assessments. Here we review how …

Resilience in river ecosystems requires that organisms must persist in the face of highly
dynamic hydrological and geomorphological variations. Disturbance events such as floods …