Despite extensive documentation of the ecological and economic importance of Old World
fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) and the many threats they face from humans, negative …

Reduction of functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) likely affects
ecosystem functions and reduces the potential of communities to respond to changes, such …

Understanding how biotic interactions shape ecosystems and impact their functioning,
resilience and biodiversity has been a sustained research priority in ecology. Yet, traditional …

Plant–lizard interactions are still poorly studied, despite lizards are known to interact with
flowering plants in many parts of the world. They are commonly reported on islands although …

Many vertebrate species act as both plant pollinators and seed-dispersers, thus
interconnecting these processes, particularly on islands. Ecological multilayer networks are …

Biological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity with particularly deleterious
consequences on oceanic islands. The introduction of large terrestrial animals–generally …

Plant–Lepidoptera interactions are often studied using the pollination or herbivore networks
only. Lepidoptera species are involved in two types of plant–insect interactions because …

A double mutualism (DM) occurs when two interacting species benefit each other in two
different functions, eg when an animal species acts both as pollinator and seed disperser of …

Keystone species are disproportionately important for ecosystem functioning. While all
species engage in multiple interaction types with other species, keystone species …

Premise of the Study Relying on floral traits to assess pollination systems has been shown to
underestimate the ecological service that novel mutualisms can provide. Although …