Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signals influence various lymphocyte subsets during
differentiation, immune responses and homeostasis. As discussed in this Review …

Natural killer (NK) cells were discovered more than 30 years ago. NK cells are large
granular lymphocytes that belong to the innate immune system because unlike T or B …

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) detect molecular signatures of microbes and initiate
immune responses to infection. Prototypical PRRs such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signal …

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential regulator of normal and abnormal
blood vessel growth. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets VEGF suppresses tumor …

Immune responses are generally divided into innate and adaptive responses, and the
efficacy of one is thought to be independent of the other. The regulation of immune …

Abstract Concepts of cell-cell interactions in adaptive immunity have alternated between the
simple and the complex. The notion that one population of small, circulating lymphocytes is …

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a broad range of biological functions in
many diverse cell types. It plays a major role in the development of inflammatory and …

The cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15) has a key role in promoting survival, proliferation and
activation of natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells. Despite its functional similarities to IL-2, IL …

Interleukin (IL)-15 is a cytokine that acts on a wide range of cell types but is most crucial for
the development, homeostasis, and function of a specific group of immune cells that …

Thymic Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells are activated by peripheral self-antigen to
increase their suppressive function, and a fraction of these cells survive as memory …