Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a
relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in …

This study analyzes 131 police–citizen interactions observed during Fall 2016 and coded
through systematic social observation. We assessed how often officers use de-escalation …

The last few years have seen sustained attention to the harms of policing, and with good
reason. Almost one thousand people are shot and killed by the police each year.'Countless …

Purpose–To summarize and compare both the methodology and findings of existing studies
of patrol officer workload that have contributed to what is known about “downtime”(time not …

American policing demonstrates both continuity and change. A high degree of
decentralization persists, as do bureaucratic structures of larger police agencies. The …

What causes police brutality, and why are minority citizens the primary victims? Social
scientists often attribute the behavior to poorly managed police departments, bad cops, or …

In the eyes of most jurists, checkpoint searches symbolize the exact antitheses of Fourth
Amendment reasonableness. No matter whether the checkpoints operate on a randomized …

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors that influence officer
behavior when encountering suspects of crime who are perceived to have a mental …

The purpose of this study is to extend White's analysis predicting successful police recruit
performance during academy training. Using police personnel data collected on 486 officers …

National Institute of Justice's Policing Research Plan (2017–2022) highlights the need to
understand factors that attract diverse candidates. We explored whether college students …