In this comprehensive review, we examine the main preclinical and clinical investigations
assessing the effects of different forms of choline supplementation currently available …

Choline is an essential nutrient for humans. It is a precursor of membrane phospholipids (eg,
phosphatidylcholine (PC)), the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and via betaine, the methyl …

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder characterized by altered gut function
and often is accompanied by comorbid anxiety. Although changes in the gut microbiota have …

The roles of choline and of choline-containing phospholipids (CCPLs) on the maintenance
and progress of neurovascular unit (NVU) integrity are analyzed. NVU is composed of …

A rapid increase in incidence of neurodegenerative disorders has been observed with the
aging of the population. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD initially targets memory
and progressively destroys the mind. The brain atrophies as the neocortex suffers neuronal …

This review is based on the previous one published in 2010–Secades JJ. Citicoline:
pharmacological and clinical review, 2010 update. Rev Neurol 2011; 52 (Suppl 2): S1-62 …

Advancing age is the top risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative disorders,
including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the contribution of aging processes to AD …

Cognitive decline after stroke is more common than stroke recurrence. Stroke doubles the
risk of dementia and is a major contributor to vascular cognitive impairment and vascular …

Memory, attention and creativity represent three different cognitive domains, which are
interconnected and contribute the “mental performance” of an individual. Modern …