Publisher Summary Environmental noise can affect acoustic communication through limiting
the broadcast area, or active space, of a signal by decreasing signal-to-noise ratios at the …

The dynamic clamp uses computer simulation to introduce artificial membrane or synaptic
conductances into biological neurons and to create hybrid circuits of real and model …

Astrocytes are electrically nonexcitable cells that display increases in cytosolic calcium ion
(Ca2+) in response to various neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. However, the …

Developmental hearing impairments compromise sound discrimination, speech acquisition,
and cognitive function; however, the adjustments of functional properties in the primary …

Bilateral cochlear implantation is becoming a standard of care in many clinics. While much
benefit has been shown through bilateral implantation, patients who have bilateral cochlear …

In mammals, principal neurons of the medial superior olive (MSO) exhibit biophysical
specializations that enable them to detect sound localization cues with microsecond …

Neurons in the medial superior olive process sound-localization cues via binaural
coincidence detection, in which excitatory synaptic inputs from each ear are segregated onto …

Spatial hearing, and more specifically the ability to localize sounds in space, is one of the
most studied and best understood aspects of hearing. Because there is no coding of …

The neurones of the medial superior olive (MSO) are the most temporally sensitive neurones
in the brain. They respond to the arrival time difference of sound at the two ears with a …

Non‐Technical Summary Spiking neurones generate action potentials when the
transmembrane voltage difference near the spike generating zone reaches a threshold …