Organ injury and impairment are commonly observed in patients with acute heart failure
(AHF), and congestion is an essential pathophysiological mechanism of impaired organ …

Background Short-term exposure to major air pollutants (O3, CO, NO2, SO2, PM10, and
PM2. 5) has been associated with respiratory risk. However, evidence on the risk of chronic …

Heart Failure Society (JHFS). The working committee for this project includes members and
collaborators involved in the previous versions of the heart failure guidelines and members …

5.2. 1. Ocena funkcji skurczowej lewej komory...................................... 1052 5.2. 2. Ocena
funkcji rozkurczowej lewej komory...................................... 1052 5.2. 3. Ocena funkcji prawej …

Background Treatment guidelines recommend the use of inhaled long-acting
bronchodilators to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of exacerbations in patients with …

Background chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF)
frequently coexist in older people, reducing patients' quality of life (QoL) and increasing …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health issue with high social and
economic costs. Concomitant chronic cardiac disorders are frequent in patients with COPD …

Several co‐existing diseases and/or conditions (co‐morbidities) are present in patients with
heart failure (HF), with diverse clinical relevance. Multiple mechanisms may underlie the co …

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represent a significant
clinical problem, and are associated with decreased lung function, worsening quality of life …

Se recomienda a los profesionales de la salud que tengan en consideración la presente
guía de la ESC en la toma de decisiones clínicas en su ejercicio diario, así como en la …