Temperature profoundly influences physiological responses in animals, primarily due to the
effects on biochemical reaction rates. Since physiological responses are often exemplified …

Winter survival for many kinds of animals involves freeze tolerance, the ability to endure the
conversion of about 65% of total body water into extracellular ice and the consequences that …

Aim We present the first continental‐scale study of factors controlling the species richness of
groundwater‐fed fens, comparing land snails, vascular plants and bryophytes. We …

Great progress has recently been made in cryobiology. One field, however, has been
neglected: the temporal sequence of the effects of photoperiod and temperature, and their …

The high intertidal zone is home to an incredible variety of marine animals, as it offers an
escape from low intertidal/subtidal predation and competition, among other advantages …

Temperate species of turtles hatch from eggs in late summer. The hatchlings of some
species leave their natal nest to hibernate elsewhere on land or under water, whereas …

Aim Shells of fossil molluscs are important for palaeoecological reconstructions. However,
the habitat requirements of snail species typical of central European full‐glacial loess …

Many intertidal invertebrates are freeze tolerant, meaning that they can survive ice formation
within their body cavity. Freeze tolerance is a fascinating trait, and understanding its …

Despite the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying range limits and
abundance structure, few studies have sought to do so. Here we use a terrestrial slug …

Cold hardiness of the freshwater apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, varies seasonally. We
investigated lethal factors and physiological changes arising from exposure of P …