This Review explores the class of plant-derived macrocyclic peptides called cyclotides. We
include an account of their discovery, characterization, and distribution in the plant kingdom …

The incidence of invasive fungal infections is increasing worldwide, resulting in more than
1.6 million deaths every year. Due to growing antifungal drug resistance and the limited …

Highlights•Plant-associated fungi and oomycetes deliver effector proteins into the
apoplast.•Effector proteins function to promote host colonization.•Many characterized …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process that plays a fundamental role in plant
development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Knowledge of plant PCD …

Plants are good sources of biologically active compounds with antimicrobial activity,
including polypeptides. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent one of the main barriers of …

Background Scab, caused by the biotrophic fungus Venturia inaequalis, is the most
economically important disease of apples worldwide. During infection, V. inaequalis …

For millennia, humanity has relied on plants for its medicines, and modern pharmacology
continues to reexamine and mine plant metabolites for novel compounds and to guide …

Cyclotides are a plant-derived family of peptides that comprise approximately 30 amino acid
residues, a cyclic backbone and a cystine knot. Due to their unique structure, cyclotides are …

Upon infection, soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) undergo intense cross-talk with host plants
that govern the responses of both partners at different stages of the interaction. In this …

Cyclotides are cyclic peptides produced by plants. Due to their insecticidal properties, they
are thought to be involved in host defense. Violets produce complex mixtures of cyclotides …