CD28 and CTLA-4 are both important stimulatory receptors for the regulation of T cell
activation. Because receptors share common ligands, B7. 1 and B7. 2, the expression and …

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is an important mediators of T-cell
activation in autoimmune diseases. The association of polymorphisms of CTLA gene with …

In the past decade, a number of case–control studies have been carried out to investigate
the relationship between the CTLA4 gene polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes (T1D) …

Background T1DM is a chronic organ-specific T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease
characterized by the selective destruction of β-cells in the islets of Langerhans, resulting in …

Ob jec ti ve: To evaluate the contribution of cytotoxic T-Iymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)+
49A/G polymorphism to the susceptibility to type-1 diabetes (T1D) in Turkish children …

Summary Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic
βcells. Although all T1D patients require daily administration of exogenous insulin, their …

Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an organ-specific T cell-mediated
autoimmune disease, characterized by destruction of pancreatic islets. Cytotoxic lymphocyte …

AIM: To determine human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1 allele association with
susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to clinical and laboratory findings. METHODS …

Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) has an inhibitory function on T cells
and is critical for the induction of peripheral tolerance. CTLA‐4+ 49 G allele affects the CTLA …

Each functional gene illustrates the complexity of genetic predisposition to disease;
however, it is difficult to bring out these traits with reference to autoimmune diseases like …