In the era of the rapid development of cancer immunotherapy, there is a high level of interest
in the application of cell-released small vesicles that stimulate the immune system. As cell …

Abstract Development of functional nanomaterials is of great importance and significance for
advanced drug delivery and therapy. Nevertheless, exogenous nanomaterials have a great …

Oxidative stress contributes to tumourigenesis by altering gene expression. One
accompanying modification, 8-oxoguanine (o8G) can change RNA–RNA interactions via …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter that contain
molecular constituents of their host cells. They are released from different types of cells …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor
microenvironment, promoting tumor initiation, growth, progression, metastasis, and immune …

Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that are important players in diseases
associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer. Since MCs can infiltrate solid tumors …

Highlights•Exosomal miRNA plays a vital part in the initiation of dysregulated molecular
events.•Understanding exosomal miRNA in chemoresistance, immune-escape and …

Exosomes are a class of small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released by almost
all cell types and present in all body fluids. Based on the studies of exosome content and …

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) represents one of the most metastasizing and drug resistant
solid tumors. CM is characterized by a remarkable metabolic plasticity and an important …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated fibroblasts and can interact with cancer
cells to promote tumor progression. The process of how tumor cells reprogram normal …