The host immune system is highly compromised in case of viral infections and relapses are
very common. The capacity of the virus to destroy the host cell by liberating its own DNA or …

The respiratory mucosa is the primary portal of entry for numerous viruses such as the
respiratory syncytial virus, the influenza virus and the parainfluenza virus. These pathogens …

Pancreatic tumors are highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Delivery and
distribution of drugs within pancreatic tumors are compromised due to intrinsic physical and …

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively investigated for applications in both
experimental and clinical settings to improve delivery efficiency of therapeutic and …

Balancing immunogenicity with inflammation is a central tenet of vaccine design, especially
for subunit vaccines that utilize traditional pro-inflammatory adjuvants. Here we report that by …

Highlights•Nanoparticles have shown promise as pathogenic and cancer
vaccines.•Fabrication advancements have yielded a variety of nanoparticle options.•Many …

Mucus is a viscoelastic gel that acts as a protective barrier for epithelial surfaces. The
mucosal vehicles and adjuvants need to pass through the mucus layer to make drugs and …

As vaccine formulations have progressed from including live or attenuated strains of
pathogenic components for enhanced safety, developing new adjuvants to more effectively …

Nanoparticles have been widely studied in the fields of biotechnology, pharmacy, optics and
medicine and have broad application prospects. Numerous studies have shown significant …

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a leading cause of severe acute lower
respiratory tract infection in infants and children worldwide. Bovine RSV (BRSV) is closely …