Kidney stones (also known as urinary stones or nephrolithiasis) are highly prevalent,
affecting approximately 10% of adults worldwide, and the incidence of stone disease is …

CLC anion transporters are found in all phyla and form a gene family of eight members in
mammals. Two CLC proteins, each of which completely contains an ion translocation …

In the human genome more than 400 genes encode ion channels, which are
transmembrane proteins mediating ion fluxes across membranes. Being expressed in all …

Dent disease is a rare genetic proximal tubulopathy which is under-recognized. Its
phenotypic heterogeneity has led to several different classifications of the same disorder, but …

The identification of genes causing inherited kidney diseases yielded crucial insights in the
molecular basis of disease and improved our understanding of physiological processes that …

The ClC-3 chloride/proton exchanger is both physiologically and pathologically critical, as it
is potentiated by ATP to detect metabolic energy level and point mutations in ClC-3 lead to …

Dent disease classically combines low-molecular-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria with
nephrocalcinosis, and renal failure. Nephrotic range proteinuria, normal calciuria, and …

Background Loss of function of the 2Cl−/H+ antiporter ClC-5 in Dent disease impairs the
uptake of filtered proteins by the kidney proximal tubule, resulting in tubular proteinuria …

Dent disease is a renal proximal tubular disorder characterized by low molecular weight
(LMW) proteinuria, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis. Nephrolithiasis, chronic kidney …

AKI is a frequent condition that involves renal microcirculation impairment, infiltration of
inflammatory cells with local production of proinflammatory cytokines, and subsequent …