The innate immune system of insects is divided into humoral and cellular defense
responses. Humoral defenses include antimicrobial peptides, the cascades that regulate …

Plant defensins are small, basic peptides that have a characteristic three-dimensional
folding pattern that is stabilized by eight disulfide-linked cysteines. They are termed plant …

Abstract Background The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is an ecologically
and economically relevant edible marine bivalve, highly invasive and resilient to biotic and …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Biomphalaria snails are instrumental in transmission of the human blood fluke Schistosoma
mansoni. With the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate schistosomiasis as a global …

The emergence of new pathogens and multidrug resistant bacteria is an important public
health issue that requires the development of novel classes of antibiotics. Antimicrobial …

Research on innate immunity of the penaeid shrimps and the oyster Crassostrea gigas is
motivated greatly by economical necessities. Indeed, the aquaculture of these organisms is …

A variety of bivalve mollusks (phylum Mollusca, class Bivalvia) constitute a prominent
commodity in fisheries and aquacultures, but are also crucial in order to preserve our …

Marine bivalves (such as mussels, oysters, and clams) are widespread mollusks in coastal
waters at different latitudes; due to their filter‐feeding habits, they accumulate large numbers …

The consumption of marine mussels as popular seafood has increased steadily over the
past decades. Awareness of mussel derived molecules, that promote health, has contributed …